Independence of Philippines

Independence document of Philippines

  In 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence of Philippines. However, Spain and US didn't care about his declaration of independence. Aguinaldo continued guerrilla resistance against both Spain and US until 1901 when he was captured by US Army. The true independence starts from US passing a bill to ensure Philippines' autonomy in 1934 (A). The law was named Tydings-McDuffie Independence law. This law instituted commonwealth government and led further stipulated complete independence in 1944 (E). 

  

  As World War II occurred, Japan invaded Philippines as a result of it. In 1942, Japan successfully possessed the whole parts of Philippines. However, US general Douglas Mac Arthur recaptured Philippines in 1945. Due to the end of World War II, US finally recognized Philippines' independence in July 4, 1946 in the Treaty of Manila (C).

Fight for the Independence against Spanish

Leaders of Revolutionary

Flag of Kapitunan

  The fight for the independence of Philippines starts from Philippine revolution(1896~1898). Spain was controlling Philippines for more than 300 years when the revolution first occurred (C).In the 19th century, the middle class of Philippines started to feel importance of the independence. As a consequence of this importance, the martyrdom of three Filipino priests - Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora started the anti-Spanish sentiment.
  In 1892, under the leader Andres Bonificio (a self-educated warehouse clergy), Philippines revolutionaries formed The Katipunan. The Katipunan was an organized secreted revolutionary society with 100,000 members by Aug 1896 (B). In 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo and Kapitunan fought against Spanish army in Manila but failed in defeating them. Also, his troops were pushed back into the mountains southeast of Manila. However, Aguinaldo exiled Hong Kong for 400,000 pesos and the pact of Biak-na-Bato was proclaimed in Dec 15,1897. Moreover, he gets promise from Spain about the substantial government reform (A). 
  Finally, Spain's rule in the Philippines came to a close in 1898 but US started to control Philippines from then. Emilio Aguinaldo began new revolution against US but US Army captured him in 1901 and the revolution came to the end (B).

Revolutionary congress of 1898